Important Baby-Care Tips Article

Important Baby-Care Tips Article BabyBestBuy.com

As your baby becomes older, you will both start to learn new and exciting things about each other and about life in general. One of the biggest challenges you will face is how to be sure you provide the best care possible for your baby.
"What does my baby need to develop motor skills?" "What types of products are best for my baby?" "What will I need to provide the best environment as she begins to grow?" These are just a few of the numerous questions that you must ask yourself as the parent of a zero to three year old.

Here are some tips and ideas to assist you in your baby-care needs:

Clothes and Bags: Whenever taking your baby out of the house, be sure to include extra changes of clothes and some small garbage or zip lock bags in your diaper bag. Even when wearing diaper covers, leaks can occur creating an extra mess to clean up. Having an extra set of clothes allows you to put your baby in some fresh clothing along with a fresh diaper. The small garbage or zip lock bags are great to store used diapers or soiled clothing until you get a chance to dispose of them properly.

Christening Gown: The Christening Gown should be planned for well in advance to ensure style and size availability. The baby's comfort is essential to the success of the christening. A soft, loose fitting Christening Gown will help the baby to feel more at ease and cooperative. Even with the best baby, accidents happen. Make sure the Christening Gown is washable. An enzymatic cleaner is recommended for hand washing the Christening Gown. And don't forget a chemical free, cotton preservation bag to store the Christening Gown.
Bottle Nipples: In some cases a fussy baby will continuously refuse their bottle. Did you know there are different kinds of bottle nipple shapes and sizes? Sometimes, the best aid to a baby's refusal is to try different nipple shapes and sizes. Most pharmacies will provide quite an assortment of bottle accessories.

Baby Nail Trimming: Trimming your baby's nails can be quite a task when they become fussy about it. Unfortunately, it is a necessary evil. To avoid a dangerously squirming baby when trying to trim their nails, the best thing to do is trim their nails when they are sound asleep. Doing so will make life much easier for both you and your baby.
The birth of a new child is the most exciting and amazing event that can happen to a parent. Remember that lots of love from his or her loved ones is a vital component to any baby's development.

For more articles: http://www.babybestbuy.com/articles/baby-care-tips.asp

Predict Your Baby's Gender

Some say you can predict the sex of your baby without pregnancy ultrasounds. Here are some of the old wives tales we have heard. Whether you believe them or not is solely up to you, however; we don't recommend picking out the nursery colors just yet. Have fun!

Wives Tale Sex Indicators

1. The way you carry your baby: If you carry low, you are having a boy. If you carry high, you are having a girl.

2. If your baby kicks a lot, you are having a boy. Inactive baby? You're having a girl.

3. If you're craving salt, you're having a boy.

4. If you're craving sweets, it's a girl.

5. Tie your wedding ring or a pin to a piece of string and hold it suspended over your belly. If it moves like a pendulum, back and forth, you are having a boy. If it moves in a circular motion, you are having a girl.

6. If your baby's heart rate is less than 140 beats per minute, you are having a boy. If it is higher than 140, it's a girl!

From: http://www.smartmomma.com/Pregnancy/predict_gender.htm

新生儿期需防哪些意外(图)

0～1个月的宝宝要注意预防窒息

　　可能原因：妈妈给小宝宝喂完奶后把宝宝仰面而放，宝宝吸进胃内的空气将奶汁漾出，呛入气管内而造成突然窒息；奶嘴孔太大使奶瓶中的奶汁流速过快，呛入宝宝气管；妈妈生怕宝宝冷，给他盖上厚厚的大被子，并把大被子盖过宝宝的头部，使宝宝的口鼻被堵住，不能呼吸引起窒息；妈妈熟睡后，翻身时或是无意将上肢压住宝宝的口鼻而造成窒息；妈妈夜里躺在被子里给宝宝喂母乳，但由于白天过于劳累而不知不觉睡着，将乳房堵住宝宝的口鼻而使宝宝不能呼吸；抱宝宝外出时裹得太紧，尤其是寒冷时候和大风天，使宝宝因不能透气而缺氧窒息；在宝宝枕边放塑料布单以防吐奶，塑料布单不慎被吹起，蒙在宝宝脸上，但宝宝不会将其取下而造成窒息等等。
　　安全防范措施：让宝宝独自盖一床厚而轻松的小棉被在自己的小床上睡，不要和妈妈同睡一个被窝，室内潮湿寒冷时可选用电暖器。对于经常吐奶的宝宝，在喂奶后要轻轻拍他的后背，待胃内空气排出后，再把他放在小床上，宝宝睡熟后，妈妈要在旁边守护一段时间。夜间给宝宝喂奶最好坐起来，在清醒状态下喂完，然后待宝宝睡着后，方可安心去睡。常吐奶的宝宝不要给佩戴带塑料围嘴，因它容易卷起堵住宝宝的口和鼻。给宝宝喂奶时，切忌上他仰着喝。寒冷时候带宝宝外出时，在包裹理严实的同时，一定要记住留一个能气口。让宝宝俯卧时妈妈千万不能走开，要在旁边查看宝宝是否吐奶？呼吸如何？旁边有无可能堵住宝宝口鼻的东西？当有事离开时，一定要将宝宝翻转过开来。

　　你别让伤了孩子

　　可能原因：护理者在护理孩子时，很可能因为自己一时疏忽而给宝宝造成伤害，比如失手坠落、指甲划伤孩子的皮肤、不慎烫伤、烧伤孩子、不慎压伤孩子等等。所以做些必要的防范措施，这对减少大对孩子造成的伤害很有益。
　　安全防范措施：在平常拒宝宝时，要给孩子穿上衣服，即使是背心也可以，既可以增加摩擦，减少孩子滑落的危险，也可以防止蚊虫叮咬。如果是在冬季，宝宝穿得较多，这时抱孩子一定要更加小心。在孩子洗澡到给孩子穿衣服的过程中，由于孩子身上光滑，也是孩子容易坠落的时候。所以，在给孩子洗完澡后，要尽快用浴巾包裹孩子，这样一方面增加摩擦力，一方面还能保暖。还有些家长喜欢一只手抱着孩子，另一只手去拿东西或做事情，这种做法很危害，因此，一定避免这样做。
　　至于怕指甲划伤宝宝，大人一定要慎重，并且勤剪指甲，并把指甲磨得圆滑。在抱或接触孩子的时候，不要用手对着孩子去，即不要将自己的手和孩子的身体成垂直的角度，用顺着孩子的姿势，这样可以避免划伤孩子。在给孩子洗澡、洗脸、穿衣服的时候，动作要轻柔，不要生硬。
　　预防不慎烫伤、烧伤孩子，大人要在宝宝的活动范围内，不能有非常热的东西，包括热水袋、热水瓶、盛热汤或热茶的容器、热饮料、点着的香烟、热熨斗等。在给宝宝洗澡时，要先向盆中倒冷水，再加热水，尤其要完全兑好，并且肘部试温后，再把宝宝带到盆边，准备洗澡。
　　预防不慎压伤孩子，父母要让孩子独立睡小床，并注意寝具的卫生安全，并要时常检查宝宝的睡眠状况。

From: http://baby.sina.com.cn/health/07/1611/101999554.shtml

Feeding problems: Food Allergies

From:http://www.babycenter.com/0_feeding-problems-food-allergies_9204.bc


The problem

An estimated 2 to 5 percent of kids suffer from food allergies, in which the immune system reacts to a particular food as an intruder. When the child eats an offending food, her body releases antibodies that cause reactions such as skin rashes, watery eyes, and diarrhea. There are two types of allergic reactions to food: The first is immediate. As soon as the food goes into her mouth, her throat swells, and your child may sneeze or have watery eyes or an itchy tongue. In rare cases, a food will cause anaphylactic shock. Within minutes of eating, the child's throat swells and spasms, hindering breathing.The second type of reaction takes a few days to show up Usually the allergy produces facial rashes such as hives, or gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloating, gas, and diarrhea.


What you can do

When starting solids, introduce a new food only every three to five days. If your child is going to react to the food, chances are the symptoms will show up within this time. "More than 90 percent of food allergies are caused by nine foods: dairy products, soy, shellfish, wheat, tree nuts, peanuts, egg whites, citrus fruits, and food additives," says pediatrician William Sears. He advises introducing the least allergenic foods — fruits, vegetables, and cereal — first, and waiting until the child is at least 18 months old to offer the most allergenic foods (the ones highest in protein) such as eggs and peanut butter. If your child has a mild reaction to a particular food, wait a few weeks and then try giving it to her again. If you have a family history of food allergies or your partner does, the likelihood that your child will have allergies may double. The good news: Most kids outgrow food allergies by age 3.

智力开发 > 造型活动——艺术的游戏

造型活动——艺术的游戏
来源：聪明宝宝
关键字：聪明宝宝 造型 折纸

很多家长有这样的经历：

宝宝特别喜欢撕纸、剪纸！只要有纸在手，就要弄得满地纸屑，只要剪刀在手，就要到处“喀嚓”一下！有的时候没有纸，甚至会偷偷把床单、衣服也给剪了！面对这些，家长们说：“很头疼！”其实这是宝宝喜欢的游戏，是宝宝喜欢做手工的早期表现，也是锻炼宝宝动手能力的绝好机会！宝宝在玩撕纸、剪纸游戏的时候，家长要引导他们艺术地玩！锻炼宝宝的造型能力！

0～3岁的宝贝宝宝

到了1～2岁时，开始变得喜欢玩弄纸制品，在这个时期，大人稍不留神，未看的报纸就被撕了，书页也被扯下来，面对宝宝这些行为，家长可不要发火！这是幼儿成长发育中非常关键的时期，称为“幼儿破坏活动期”。

当幼儿拿起报纸时，偶然的机会触发他撕扯的愿望，撕拉的声音令宝宝感到有趣，也就是说，撕纸的声音刺激幼儿破坏的兴趣，而兴趣又推动幼儿进一步的破坏行为！心理学家认为这是本能的快乐，或者带有本能性质的游戏！撕纸是他觉得有趣的游戏，越加以制止，他就越渴望！家长在宝宝的这个时期应该提供干净的纸让宝宝玩，有心的家长还应该给宝宝准备彩色的纸让他撕，在宝宝撕的过程中，动手能力得到了锻炼，心智也得到发展，宝宝的眼睛、四肢互相配合作用的同时，他又可以感到无限的快乐！

这种活动，虽然尚停留在无意识的非理性控制的阶段，但是偶然会撕出一些有趣的形象，尤其是妈妈和宝宝一起玩，看到宝宝撕出形象应适时加以鼓励，宝宝的兴趣就更加浓厚了！撕的动作和纸的力度锻炼了宝宝的小手肌肉群和灵活性，对宝宝的健康成长有益。一开始鼓励宝宝撕纸，家长不要急着一定让宝宝撕出个形象来，要知道，首先是游戏，其次才是艺术。给家长的提示：对于两岁半以内的宝宝，随便乱撕，撕不出什么形象，我们也要鼓励！

3～10岁的宝贝

对于三岁以上的宝宝，在玩撕纸游戏时，已经能有意识地撕出一些形象来，不妨鼓励宝宝把自己撕的作品贴在另外一种颜色的纸上，这样看起来形象就更加清晰了！有的宝宝喜欢在纸上画上形象，然后再把画好的东西撕下来或者剪下来，这也非常好，相对来说，用手撕出一个形象要比用剪刀剪出一个形象难得多，因为撕的动作存在很多的随意性，控制起来比较难，细节难把握，但却更能锻炼小手的灵活性！

三岁多的宝宝都很迷恋剪刀，他觉得伴随剪刀喀嚓喀嚓的声音，竟然能把纸张剪出各种形状，简直象变魔术一样！会用剪刀的宝宝常常乱剪一气，虽然看不出具体是什么形象，但却非常有趣，具有构成的美感，极象抽象画！这种艺术的游戏可以锻炼宝宝的抽象思维和想象能力。如果把简单的折纸和剪纸相结合，就更有趣了，比如把纸对折、三折，或者对折再对折，剪出的形象就会有对称、二方连续或者四方连续的图案，真是妙趣横生！

在这里我没有给大家介绍剪纸技法，是想告诉家长，要用让宝宝游戏的心态对待他的剪纸活动，如果一定要让宝宝照着技法书上的图示剪出一个形象，结果常常是让宝宝有挫败感，失去对游戏的兴趣！

其实宝宝在游戏中随意剪出的形象更具自然的艺术效果，如果宝宝只是乱剪，让他乱剪好了，游戏嘛，就让宝宝自己做主玩！作为宝宝的玩具，纸和其他玩具比较起来，应该是比较经济实用的了！也可以把废旧报纸和不用的书利用起来让宝宝玩。

给家长的提示：

1、家长对宝宝用剪刀会有顾虑，总担心剪刀会伤害到宝宝，可以为宝宝准备塑料制的手工剪刀，最重要的是一定要清楚地告诉宝宝剪刀的厉害，在家长的监护下让宝宝使用剪刀，慢慢宝宝就会自己能够注意安全了！

2、宝宝如果愿意临摹剪纸技法书上的图示，就指导他临摹，如果不愿临摹，就随他自主地剪，完全以宝宝的兴趣为主，不可强求。

撕、剪、折、贴、画等动作是锻炼宝宝手、脑、眼协调能力非常好的游戏，只要宝宝有玩的欲望，就给宝宝提供玩的条件，让宝宝感受艺术的游戏，在游戏中培养宝宝的艺术素质！

撕碎和剪碎的纸片呈各种形态，可以促进宝宝对不同形象的联想，锻炼宝宝的想象力。也是宝宝认识造型和造型活动的开始，可以满足宝宝 “破坏——重建”的探索心理，使宝宝本来就具有的游戏兴趣得到满足！

文/苏清华

编辑：摇篮编辑 摇篮网
http://www.yaolan.com/staticpage/zhineng/article28066.html

宝宝急性腹泻怎么照顾

来源：亚宝药业
关键字：宝宝 急性腹泻 脱水

急性腹泻最常见的症状就是脱水，因此液体的补充矫正脱水是非常重要的；即使在急性腹泻的情况下，小肠仍保有60﹪的消化吸收能力，因此紧早进食可以减轻症状、改进营养状况；禁食的时间不应该超过24小时，刚开始进食时考虑给予稀饭、马铃薯或富醣类的食物，避免太过油腻的食物。使用止泻药虽然可以阻止腹泻，但同时减少肠蠕动，使毒素不易排泄造成细菌滋生。此外，小时候喂食母乳的小朋友，肠道的抵抗力也比较好，因此，提倡母乳哺育对预防儿童腹泻也很有帮助。

编辑：摇篮编辑 摇篮网

http://www.yaolan.com/staticpage/anquan/article27970.html

宝宝食谱之炒肉拌干豆腐

主料：猪肉(瘦)200克 干豆腐200克

调料：酱油20克 醋10克 味精1克 大蒜20克 香油5克 辣椒油15克 盐4克 菜籽油15克

制作工艺：

1. 将瘦肉切成0.4 厘米粗的肉丝；
2. 干豆腐切成0.4 厘米粗的丝待用；
3. 将锅置火上，注入菜籽油，将肉丝一锅炒熟，装盘待用；
4. 将大蒜剥去蒜衣，砸成蒜泥；
5. 干豆腐丝放入沸水锅中伸一遍，而后投入凉水中过凉，沥干水分装盘；
6. 将醋、酱油、味精、辣椒油、蒜泥、香油、精盐放入碗中调拌匀；
7. 将豆腐丝码在盘底，再将肉丝放在上面，将兑好的味汁浇淋在上面，即可调拌均匀供食。

工艺提示：

1. 瘦肉丝、豆腐丝要切得粗细均匀，否则影响外观美；
2. 炒肉丝时，不要炒老，要旺火速炒，否则质老影响质量；
3. 味汁的调制，可因各自口味而定。

菜品口感：
口味清淡，软嫩适口。

食用方法：
中餐、晚餐

适合人群：
学龄前儿童


食谱营养:

1. 猪肉(瘦)：猪肉含有丰富的优质蛋白质和必需的脂肪酸，并提供血红素（有机铁）和促进铁吸收的半胱氨酸，能改善缺铁性贫血；具有补肾养血，滋阴润燥的功效；猪精肉相对其它部位的猪肉，其含有丰富优质蛋白，脂肪、胆固醇较少，一般人群均可适量食用。

2. 干豆腐：豆腐丝中含有丰富蛋白质，而且豆腐蛋白属完全蛋白，含有人体必需的8种氨基酸，营养价值较高；其含有的卵磷脂可除掉附在血管壁上的胆固醇，防止血管硬化，预防心血管疾病，保护心脏；并含有多种矿物质，补充钙质，防止因缺钙引起的骨质疏松，促进骨骼发育，对小儿、老人的骨骼生长极为有利。

温馨提示：

猪肉(瘦)：猪肉不宜与乌梅、甘草、鲫鱼、虾、鸽肉、田螺、杏仁、驴肉、羊肝、香菜、甲鱼、菱角、荞麦、鹌鹑肉、牛肉同食。食用猪肉后不宜大量饮茶。

牛奶与瘦肉不合适同食，因为牛奶里含有大量的钙，而瘦肉里则含磷，这两种营养素不能同时吸收，国外医学界称之为磷钙相克。钙磷最佳比为1：1到1：1.5之间，此时互相促进吸收。

宝宝食谱之健脾开胃食谱水晶肉丸

主料： 猪肉(瘦)250克、猪肉(肥)55克

辅料： 百合(干)70克、火腿20克、香菇（鲜）20克、鸡蛋清50克、油菜心30克

调料： 味精3克、胡椒粉1克、盐7克

制作工艺：

1. 香菇去蒂，洗净；

2. 油菜心择洗干净；

3. 熟火腿切片；

4. 把瘦肉和肥肉放在一起剁砸成肉茸；

5. 肉茸中加入精盐、鸡蛋清、味精，搅匀；

6. 搅匀的肉茸挤成约15 克重的丸子；

7. 干百合洗净，碾成粉；

8. 肉丸子放入干百合粉内沾匀；

9. 取出肉丸子装笊篱，放冷水中浸一下，随即取出，再沾百合粉，如此重复三次；

10. 最后将沾有百合粉的肉丸子放进开水锅中煮，熟后捞起装入大碗；

11. 鲜汤500毫升烧开，放入精盐、味精、胡椒粉，将汤倒入盛肉丸的大碗内，淋鸡油；

12. 把香菇、火腿、菜心放在上面即可。

工艺提示：

1. 砸剁肉茸时，要在干净的菜墩上，或干净的肉皮上进行，砸剁时把肉筋挑去，肉细腻，口感佳；

2. 搅拌时顺一个方向用力搅，加少许汤，打上劲，丸子不散；

3. 百合粉放入大托盘内，丸子放其上，晃动即可沾匀；

4. 肉丸入水锅，用小火煮，开后用手勺翻动，时间宜短，过长质老。

菜品口感：

色泽艳丽，滑润软嫩。

食用方法：

中餐、晚餐。

适合人群：

学龄前儿童。健脾开胃，补虚养身，治疗营养不良。

食谱营养：

1. 猪肉(瘦)：猪肉含有丰富的优质蛋白质和必需的脂肪酸，并提供血红素（有机铁）和促进铁吸收的半胱氨

酸，能改善缺铁性贫血；具有补肾养血，滋阴润燥的功效；猪精肉相对其它部位的猪肉，其含有丰富优质蛋白

，脂肪、胆固醇较少，一般人群均可适量食用。

2. 猪肉(肥)：猪肉含有丰富的优质蛋白质和必需的脂肪酸，并提供血红素（有机铁）和促进铁吸收的半胱氨

酸，能改善缺铁性贫血；具有补肾养血，滋阴润燥的功效；但肥猪肉中胆固醇、脂肪含量都很高，故不宜多食

，而肥胖人群及血脂较高者则不宜食用。

3. 百合(干)：百合是著名的保健食品和常用中药。百合主要含生物素、秋水碱等多种生物碱和营养物质，有

良好的营养滋补之功，特别是对病后体弱、神经衰弱等症大有裨益。支气管不好的人食用百合，有助病情改善

，皆因百合可以解渴润燥。常食有润肺、清心、调中之效、可止咳、止血、开胃、安神。

百合中的硒、铜等微量元素能抗氧化、促进维生素Ｃ吸收，可显著抑制黄曲霉素的致突变作用，临床上常用于

白血病、肺癌、鼻咽癌等肿瘤的辅助治疗。有助于增强体质，抑制肿瘤细胞的生长，缓解放疗反应。

4. 火腿：火腿色泽鲜艳，红白分明，瘦肉香咸带甜，肥肉香而不腻，美味可口，各种营养成分易被人体所吸

收，具有养胃生津、益肾壮阳、固骨髓、健足力、愈创口等作用。

5. 香菇（鲜）：香菇具有高蛋白、低脂肪、多糖、多种氨基酸和多种维生素的营养特点；香菇中有一种一般

蔬菜缺乏的麦淄醇，它可转化为维生素D，促进体内钙的吸收，并可增强人体抵抗疾病的能力。正常人吃香菇

能起到防癌作用。癌症患者多吃香菇能抑制肿瘤细胞的生长；香菇食疗对腹壁脂肪较厚的患者，有一定的减肥

效果。香菇中含腺瞟吟、胆碱、酪氨酸、氧化酶以及某些核酸物质，能起到降压、降胆固醇、降血脂的作用，

又可预防动脉硬化、肝硬化等疾病；香菇多糖能提高辅助性T细胞的活力而增强人体体液免疫功能。大量实践

证明，香菇防治癌症的范围广泛，已用于临床治疗。香菇还含有多种维生素、矿物质，对促进人体新陈代谢，

提高机体适应力有很大作用；香菇还对糖尿病、肺结核、传染性肝炎、神经炎等起治疗作用，又可用于消化不

良、便秘等。

6. 鸡蛋清：鸡蛋清富含蛋白质和人体必需的8种氨基酸和少量醋酸，可以增强皮肤的润滑作用，保护皮肤的微

酸性，以防细菌感染；此外，鸡蛋清还具有清热解毒作用；我国中医还认为，鸡蛋清性微寒而气清，能易经补

气，润肺利咽，清热解毒，有助于延缓衰老。

7. 油菜心：油菜中含有丰富的钙、铁和维C，其中所含的维C比大白菜高。另外胡萝卜素也很丰富，是人体黏

膜及上皮组织维持生长的重要营养源，对于抵御皮肤过度角化大有裨益，爱美人士不妨多吃一些油菜。油菜还

有促血液循环、散血消肿、活血化瘀、解毒消肿、宽肠通便、强身健体等功效。另外最近国外科学家还在油菜

中发现含有能促进眼睛视紫质合成的物质，能起到明目的作用，同时指出十字花科蔬菜如油菜可降低胰腺癌发

病的危险。

温馨提示：

1. 猪肉(瘦)：猪肉不宜与乌梅、甘草、鲫鱼、虾、鸽肉、田螺、杏仁、驴肉、羊肝、香菜、甲鱼、菱角、荞

麦、鹌鹑肉、牛肉同食。食用猪肉后不宜大量饮茶。

牛奶与瘦肉不合适同食，因为牛奶里含有大量的钙，而瘦肉里则含磷，这两种营养素不能同时吸收，国外医学

界称之为磷钙相克。钙磷最佳比为1：1到1：1.5之间，此时互相促进吸收。

2. 猪肉(肥)：猪肉不宜与乌梅、甘草、鲫鱼、虾、鸽肉、田螺、杏仁、驴肉、羊肝、香菜、甲鱼、菱角、荞

麦、鹌鹑肉、牛肉同食。食用猪肉后不宜大量饮茶。

3. 鸡蛋清：鸡蛋清不能与白糖、豆浆、兔肉同食。

历史文化：

1. 百合，为百合科植物百合。有细叶百合和射香百合。性味甘、微苦，微寒。含有多种生物碱、淀粉、蛋白

质、脂肪等成分。具有润肺止咳，清心安神的功效。适用于阴虚久咳，痰中带血，虚烦惊悸等症；

2. 此菜光亮如水晶，配冬菇、火腿和菜心，丸子漂浮汤中，色泽艳丽，滑润软嫩，富有弹性。

Preparing Siblings for a New Baby

How should we prepare our older children for their new baby brother or sister?

How your children react to a new baby depends largely on their ages at the time the baby is born. Knowing what to expect from each age group will make it easier to handle the changes in your family.

Ages 2 to 4

Toddlers and preschoolers may have a hard time adjusting to a new baby, especially if they are between 2 and 3 years old. At this age, your child is still very attached to you and does not yet understand about sharing you with others. Your child also may be very sensitive to changes going on around her, and may feel threatened by the idea of a new family member. Here are some suggestions for how to ease your preschooler into being a big brother or big sister.

Wait a while before telling your preschooler that you are going to have a baby, but do not wait too long. A child younger than 4 will have a hard time understanding an abstract concept like an unborn baby. You should explain it to your child when you start buying nursery furniture or baby clothes, or when she starts to ask about mom's growing "stomach." Picture books for preschoolers can be very helpful. So can sibling preparation classes (ask your hospital if they offer them). Try to tell your child before she hears about the new baby from someone else.

Be honest. Do not promise that things will be the same after the baby comes, because they will not be, no matter how hard you try. Explain that the baby will be cute and cuddly, but will also cry and take a lot of your time and attention. Also, make sure that your older child knows that the baby will not be an instant playmate. Let your preschooler know that you will love her just as much after the baby is born as you do now.

Involve your preschooler in planning for the baby.

This will make her less jealous. Let her shop with you for baby items. Show her pictures of herself as a newborn. If you are going to use some of her old baby things, let her play with them a bit before you get them ready for the new baby.
Do not make major changes in your preschooler's routine until after the baby is born. You should complete making any changes such as toilet training or switching from a crib to a bed before the baby arrives. If that is not possible, put them off until after the baby is settled in at home. Otherwise, your preschooler may feel overwhelmed by trying to learn new things on top of all the changes caused by the new baby.

Expect your child to "regress" a little.

Do not worry too much if news that a baby is coming or if the baby's arrival makes your preschooler start acting like a baby again. For example, your toilet-trained child might suddenly start having "accidents," or she might want to take a bottle. This is normal and is your older child's way of making sure she still has your love and attention. Instead of telling her to act her age, let her have the attention she needs. Praise her when she acts more "grown-up."

Prepare your child for when you are in the hospital.

Toddlers and preschoolers may be confused when you leave for the hospital. Explain to your child that you will be back with the new baby in a few days.

Set aside some special time for your older child.

No matter how busy you are with the new baby, make sure you save some special time each day just for you and your older child. Read, play games, listen to music, or simply talk together. Show her that you want to know what she is doing, thinking, and feeling—not only about the baby but about everything else in her life. Also, make her feel a part of things by having her cuddle next to you when you feed the baby.

Encourage visitors to give attention to your older child. Visitors can make such a fuss over a new baby that your older child might feel left out. Ask family and friends to spend a little time with your older child when they come to see the new baby. They might also give her a small gift when they bring gifts for the baby.

Have your older child spend time with dad.

A new baby presents a great opportunity for fathers to spend time alone with older children.
School-age children

Children older than 5 are usually not as threatened by a newborn as younger children are. This is particularly true if the school-age child has good self-esteem and feels loved and valued. Even so, your older child may resent the attention the baby gets. To prepare your school-age child for a new baby:

Tell your child about what is happening in language she can understand.

Explain what having a new brother or sister means, noting that the changes may affect her—both the good and the not-so-good. Make your firstborn feel like a part of the process. Have your older child help get the house ready for the new sibling by fixing up the baby's bedroom, picking out a new crib, buying diapers. If there is time, have her come to the hospital soon after the delivery so that she feels part of the growing family. Then, when you bring the baby home, make your older child feel that she has a role to play in caring for the baby. Tell her she can hold the baby, although she must ask you first. Praise her when she is gentle and loving toward the baby.

Make sure your older child feels listened to.

Do not overlook your older child's needs and activities. Let her know she can talk about her feelings. Tell her: "A new baby means a lot more work for me. If you ever feel that I am not spending enough time with you, let me know so I can give you plenty of extra love." Make an effort to spend some time alone with her each day; use that as a chance to make her feel like the most important person in your life.

A great gift

Sibling relationships are very special. We form our earliest bonds with our brothers and sisters. No one else shares the same family history. By helping your children learn to value, love and respect their siblings, you are giving them a great gift—the gift of a lifelong friend.

Published online: 6/07
Source: Sibling Relationships (Copyright © 1996 American Academy of Pediatrics)

Article from: American Academy of Pediatrics
URL:http://www.aap.org/publiced/BR_Siblings_NewBaby.htm

怎樣培養寶寶的耐性

作者：佳媽咪
時間：2006-03-22 23:24

帶走媽咪請說一聲謝謝^^

現在的孩子沒有耐性是眾所周知的，動不動就耍脾氣，同小朋友們打架，缺乏耐性時，遇到很小的困難就會放棄。
判斷孩子的耐性指數

1．做事不能有始有終。
2．任性。
3．經常容易哭。
4．情緒易激動，很難預測他們會幹什麼。
5．吃飯時愛動。
6．看電視時一會坐著，一會站著。
7．不能堅持玩一個玩具，而是拿拿這個，碰碰那個。
8．自私，只關心自己。
9．咬手指甲。
10．神經敏感、神經質或經常感到不安。
11．情緒不穩定，變化無常。
12．所做的事與年齡不相稱。
13．經常爭吵。
14．坐立不安，多動。
15．經常打碎朋友或家裏的物品。
16．不能同朋友和諧相處。
17．經常打架。
18．衝動，做事前不思考。
19．飲食調節不好。
20．發火時罵人或說一些傷人的話。
21．不能如自己的願望時就打滾耍賴。
22．經常哭哭啼啼地鬧。

缺乏耐性寶寶的特徵
缺乏耐性的孩子會出現三種傾向：過度的暴力性、依賴性及散慢性。
暴力性 這是缺乏耐性兒童的最大特徵。不管是誰讓自己做不願做的事或得不到想要的東西時就失控地尖叫、罵人或打小朋友等。剛開始自己還會自責，不過一旦形成習慣，自責感就會消失，連父母的勸導都聽不進去，反而會使性子、發火。

依賴性 碰到稍陌生或困難的問題，便喪失了獨自解決問題的意志，轉而向別人求助，這種依賴性會使寶寶漸漸變得意志薄弱。

注意力低下 沒有耐性的寶寶做事肯定沒有持久性，因而會顯得注意力低下、散漫。玩玩具時，看看這個拿拿那個；參加鋼琴、美術、書法等學習班，沒有一個能堅持下去。
培養寶寶耐性的招數
為了培養寶寶獨立做事的意志和耐性，爸媽應掌握如下的招數。

1．爸媽言傳身教
父母首先要學會忍耐等待，才能讓孩子學會忍耐。爸媽性子急躁，孩子長大後可能會存在畏怯或霸道等情緒問題。

2．勿包辦代替
對於缺乏耐性澈臚l，父母往往愛一切包辦，這樣一來孩子如果不喜歡時，父母便全權代勞，使孩子失去求知欲，更失去了耐性。

3．讓孩子獨立解決問題
無論是誰都不喜歡困難的問題和費力的事情，看到孩子做題慢或不能做出來而將答案告訴孩子的辦法是錯誤的。應當培養孩子獨立解決問題。

4．重過程甚於重結果
剛會走的孩子是不可能會跑的，初學鋼琴的人不可能即刻演奏出動人的樂曲。孩子要經過爬、走的過程後才能學會跑；學習鋼琴必須有一個反復熟悉琴鍵的過程。即使孩子著急，做父母的也不應當著急，應抱著相信孩子的態度，耐心等待。

5．別對孩子過分期望
孩子不是為了滿足父母的欲求而出生、存在的。父母應當讓孩子做自己喜歡做的事，並對孩子給予關注和鼓勵。

6．堅持有規則的運動
有了健康的身體才會有健康的心理。運動有無與倫比的功效。讓孩子確立可行的目標，每天進行一定量的運動鍛鍊，孩子會逐步具備自我調整的能力。

7．玩益智玩具
讓孩子玩一些具有開發智力功能的玩具，例如積木類。一個個小木塊堆積在一起組成不同的形狀，在這個過程中鍛鍊了孩子的耐性。此外，剪紙同樣也是一種培養孩子耐性的好方法。沿著畫好的線小心地裁剪，自然而然地鍛鍊了孩子的耐性。

8．多玩團體遊戲
與單獨玩相比，多玩一些團體遊戲可以使孩子養成遵守規則的習慣，在遊戲等待的過程中，鍛鍊了孩子的耐性和團結協作精神。

9．因材施教
看到別人的孩子學鋼琴，也把自己的孩子送入學琴班；看到別人的孩子學圍棋，也把自己的孩子送入圍棋班。這樣只會讓孩子感到厭煩。當孩子對某種學習確實有興趣時，給孩子創造機會，使其潛能得到充分發揮。

10．從容易的教材入手
對於沒有耐性的孩子而言，一開始就接觸較難的教材，會使孩子喪失學習興趣。如果從簡單的教材入手，等孩子能很好地理解時再稍增加難度，這樣一來，孩子在一點點獨立完成學習任務的過程中便逐漸提高了耐性。

11．說出自己的目標
在孩子力所能及的範圍內為他們確定目標，並幫助他們最終實現。此時，孩子最好要反復用嘴說出自己的目標，因為透過這一方式，向自己暗示一定要堅守承諾，從而產生堅強的意志。

（完）

Newborn Babies and Sleep

From Elizabeth Pantley


By Elizabeth Pantley, Author of The No-Cry Sleep Solution: Gentle Ways to Help Your Baby Sleep Through the Night

Congratulations on the birth of your new baby. This is a glorious time in your life. Whether this is your first baby or your fifth, you will find this a time of recovery, adjustment, sometimes confusion and frustration, but — most wonderfully — of falling in love.

Babies younger than four months old have very different sleep needs than older babies. This article will help you understand your newborn baby’s developing sleep patterns, and will help you develop reasonable expectations when it comes to your baby and sleep.


Read, Learn, and Beware of Bad Advice
Absolutely everyone has an opinion about how you should handle sleep issues with your new baby. The danger to a new parent is that these tidbits of misguided advice (no matter how well-intentioned) can truly have a negative effect on our parenting skills and, by extension, our babies’ development…if we are not aware of the facts. The more knowledge you have the less likely that other people will make you doubt your parenting decisions.
When you have your facts straight, and when you have a parenting plan, you will be able to respond with confidence to those who are well-meaning but offering contrary or incorrect advice. So, your first step is to get smart! Know what you are doing, and know why you are doing it. Read books and magazines, attend classes or support groups – it all helps.

The Biology of Newborn Sleep
During the early months of your baby's life, he sleeps when he is tired, it’s really that simple. You can do very little to force a new baby to sleep when he doesn’t want to sleep, and conversely, you can do little to wake him up when he is sleeping soundly.
A very important point to understand about newborn babies is that they have very, very tiny tummies. New babies grow rapidly, their diet is liquid, and it digests quickly. Formula digests quickly and breast milk digests even more rapidly. Although it would be nice to lay your little bundle down at a predetermined bedtime and not hear a peep from him until morning, even the most naïve among us know that this is not a realistic goal for a tiny baby. Newborns need to be fed every two to four hours — and sometimes more.
During those early months, your baby will have tremendous growth spurts that affect not only daytime, but also nighttime feeding as well, sometimes pushing that two- to four-hour schedule to a one- to two-hour schedule around the clock.

Sleeping “through the night”
You have probably heard that babies should start "sleeping through the night" at about two to four months of age. What you must understand is that, for a new baby, a five-hour stretch is a full night. Many (but nowhere near all) babies at this age can sleep uninterrupted from midnight to 5 a.m. (Not that they always do.) A far cry from what you may have thought "sleeping through the night" meant!
What's more, while the scientific definition of “sleeping through the night” is five hours, most of us wouldn’t consider that anywhere near a full night’s sleep for ourselves. Also, some of these sleep-through-the-nighters will suddenly begin waking more frequently, and it’s often a full year or even two until your little one will settle into a mature, all-night, every night sleep pattern.

Falling Asleep at the Breast or Bottle
It is very natural for a newborn to fall asleep while sucking at the breast, a bottle, or a pacifier. When a baby always falls asleep this way, he learns to associate sucking with falling asleep; over time, he cannot fall asleep any other way. I have heard a number of sleep experts refer to this as a “negative sleep association.” I certainly disagree, and so would my baby. It is probably the most positive, natural, pleasant sleep association a baby can have. However, a large percentage of parents who are struggling with older babies who cannot fall asleep or stay asleep are fighting this natural and powerful sucking-to-sleep association.

Therefore, if you want your baby to be able to fall asleep without your help, it is essential that you sometimes let your newborn baby suck until he is sleepy, but not totally asleep. When you can, remove the breast, bottle, or pacifier from his mouth and let him finish falling asleep without something in his mouth. When you do this, your baby may resist, root, and fuss to regain the nipple. It’s perfectly okay to give him back the breast, bottle, or pacifier and start over a few minutes later. If you do this often enough, he will eventually learn how to fall asleep without sucking.

新生儿

From: http://baobao.sohu.com/20070705/n250914810.shtml

来源：东方网

　　一般人可能认为，新生儿什么都不懂，什么都不会，其实不然。研究显示，婴儿不仅能思考，记忆力强，懂得沟通，有个性，除了会欣赏语句的音调外，还有能力学习计算。　　幼儿脑部有数百亿神经元在活动，潜力无限。但如困缺乏感情交流及环境刺激，这些还有待发展的神经元便无从发挥。
　　新生儿好比一块超强的海棉，可以将周遭发生的事都记录下来，但并非照单全收；而是选择对他生存有利者，例如母亲的气息及声音。　　为了顺利存活下去，建立关系是幼儿最先展现出来的能力。他一哇哇坠地，便使尽浑身解数引人注意，并开始与周围的人接触。有些小娃儿以尖叫或哭泣达成目的，也有人靠各种手势。一旦得到响应，他会如何继续？譬如，他微笑的表情，刚开始可能是肌肉收缩所致，但母亲热情的响应，可以刺激孩子生长激素；母亲也可能因为幼儿有表情，对他更加呵护。这种非语言的沟通，是良性互动，对新生儿心理发展有正面助益。　　孩子一出生，就浸淫在语言旋律中。还在出发点上的新生儿，有能力学任一语言，就算同时学好几种语言，也没问题。只是他们的语言学习力会随年龄增长而下降；两个月大的婴儿，牙牙学语声不断，到了六岁大，就已经习惯用母语。　　法国正音科医师瓦蕾里指出，双语环境对婴儿来说，是一种智力体操，有助于智能发展。就好象多出一双眼睛及一对耳朵，只是双语不能刻意教，而是从生活中学习而来。　　换句话说，如果每天都用两种语言跟婴儿沟通，就像异国婚姻家庭一样，他可以很自然学会两种话语。　　如果孩子过了牙牙学语期，不用担心，专家认为，三到七岁是非常适合学外国语的年纪，此时最好用循序渐进，有趣的方式教，不要造成他的负担。　　儿童心理学之父皮亚杰在1940年左右即指出，孩童要六岁以后，才有逻辑观念。从某些角度来看，他并没有错。两.三岁的小孩一心一意学语言，对简单的加法或减法，没什么概念。　　近来，美国研究却对上述观念，提出某种程度的质疑。亚利桑那大学心理学教授卡伦怀恩表示，三岁的宝宝就能分辨三个元素与四个元素构成的图形有所差异；五岁大时，如果告诉：他一个米奇加一个米奇，等于三个米奇，小娃儿会感到惊讶。由此可见，幼儿还是有简单的计算观念。　　每个孩子都有无穷的潜能，如果父母善加培养，就有出类拔萃的一天。

编辑：芯蕊